![]() Shockwaves are transient high-pressure acoustic pulses that can be generated by different mechanical principles. More research is needed to establish the clinical effect of SWT from a clinical perspective. This is increasingly employed in regenerative medicine and wound healing although clinical studies conducted so far have not advocated the use of SWT in the clinic. Ī promising, non-invasive, indirect technique to improve vascularisation is a low intensity shockwave treatment (Li-SWT). Common methods for improving vascularization include employment of gene-modified cells expressing angiogenic factors and scaffolds releasing angiogenic factors like VEGF and IGF1. Newer scaffolds have improved the success rates of myoblast transplantation, but insufficient vascularization is still a limiting factor. Their successful transplantation, however, has been hampered by poor survival and poor engraftment in transplanted tissue. ![]() Satellite cell (Sc) derived myoblasts are widely used in regenerative medicine for engineering skeletal muscle tissue. Furthermore, Li-SWT in the selected doses did not decrease survival, proliferation or differentiation of myoblasts in vitro. However, we found no changes in the number of PAX7 positive cells or blood vessel density in Li-SWT treated and control muscle. It also showed a late incremental effect on expression of pro-angiogenic genes. Treatment was associated with an early upregulation in expression of selected apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, angiogenic and satellite cell activating genes after muscle injury. Furthermore, a late accumulative angiogenic effect was demonstrated in the Li-SWT treated limbs by a significantly increased expression of Angpt1, eNOS, iNOS, Vegfa, and Pecam1. In the animal experiments, qPCR studies revealed a significantly increased expression of apoptotic, angiogenic and myogenic genes expression of Bax, Bcl2, Casp3, eNOS, Pax7, Myf5 and Met was increased in the early phase of regeneration in the Li-SWT treated hind limbs. Li-SWT had no significant effect on cell death, proliferation, differentiation and migration, the explants however showed decreased adhesion. The animals were followed up and documented up to 21 days after cardiotoxin injury. The treatment was repeated every third day of the period and ended on day 14 after cardiotoxin injection. Cardiotoxin induced injury was created in tibialis anterior muscles of 28 mice, and two days later, the lesions were treated with 500 impulses of Li-SWT on one of the legs. Primary isolated human myoblasts and explants were treated with low intensity shockwaves and subsequently cell viability, proliferation and differentiation were tested. This study was conducted to demonstrate the response of myoblasts and skeletal muscle to Li-SWT. Low intensity shockwave therapy (Li-SWT) has been linked to increased tissue regeneration and vascularization, both integral to survival and integration of transplanted cells. One of the limiting factors is neovascularization at the recipient site. Transplanting myogenic cells and scaffolds for tissue engineering in skeletal muscle have shown inconsistent results.
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